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Identifying nurse staffing research in Medline: development and testing of empirically derived search strategies with the PubMed interface
Michael Simon, Elke Hausner, Susan F Klaus, Nancy E Dunton
BMC Medical Research Methodology , 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-76
Abstract: A set of relevant references in PubMed/Medline was identified by means of three systematic reviews. This development set was used to detect candidate free-text and MeSH terms. The frequency of these terms was compared to a random sample from PubMed/Medline in order to identify terms specific to nurse staffing research, which were then used to develop a sensitive, precise and balanced search strategy. To determine their precision, the newly developed search strategies were tested against a) the pool of relevant references extracted from the systematic reviews, b) a reference set identified from an electronic journal screening, and c) a sample from PubMed/Medline. Finally, all newly developed strategies were compared to PubMed's Health Services Research Queries (PubMed's HSR Queries).The sensitivities of the newly developed search strategies were almost 100% in all of the three test sets applied; precision ranged from 6.1% to 32.0%. PubMed's HSR queries were less sensitive (83.3% to 88.2%) than the new search strategies. Only minor differences in precision were found (5.0% to 32.0%).As with other literature on health services research, nurse staffing studies are difficult to identify in PubMed/Medline. Depending on the purpose of the search, researchers can choose between high sensitivity and retrieval of a large number of references or high precision, i.e. and an increased risk of missing relevant references, respectively. More standardized terminology (e.g. by consistent use of the term "nurse staffing") could improve the precision of future searches in this field. Empirically selected search terms can help to develop effective search strategies. The high consistency between all test sets confirmed the validity of our approach.PubMed/Medline contains more than 18 million references. The identification of relevant literature in this wide-ranging source is of great importance to researchers in remaining up-to-date with the latest developments in the field of interest,
Routine development of objectively derived search strategies
Elke Hausner, Siw Waffenschmidt, Thomas Kaiser, Michael Simon
Systematic Reviews , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-1-19
Abstract: Our aim in this paper is to describe the empirically guided development process for search strategies as applied by the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (Institut für Qualit？t und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, or "IQWiG"). This strategy consists of the following steps: generation of a test set, as well as the development, validation and standardized documentation of the search strategy.We illustrate our approach by means of an example, that is, a search for literature on brachytherapy in patients with prostate cancer. For this purpose, a test set was generated, including a total of 38 references from 3 systematic reviews. The development set for the generation of the strategy included 25 references. After application of textual analytic procedures, a strategy was developed that included all references in the development set. To test the search strategy on an independent set of references, the remaining 13 references in the test set (the validation set) were used. The validation set was also completely identified.Our conclusion is that an objectively derived approach similar to that used in search filter development is a feasible way to develop and validate reliable search strategies. Besides creating high-quality strategies, the widespread application of this approach will result in a substantial increase in the transparency of the development process of search strategies.Over the past few years, information retrieval has become more and more professionalized [1], and information specialists are considered full members of a research team conducting systematic reviews. Trial search coordinators in Cochrane Collaboration review groups are a good example of this development. They manage the search process in its entirety, from designing the search strategy to conducting and documenting the actual search and managing the references [2]. Information specialists also develop search filters that enable the efficient searching of bibliogr
Appraisal Tools for Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Systematic Review
Ulrich Siering, Michaela Eikermann, Elke Hausner, Wiebke Hoffmann-E？er, Edmund A. Neugebauer
PLOS ONE , 2013, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082915
Abstract: Introduction Clinical practice guidelines can improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes, but are often of low quality. Guideline appraisal tools aim to help potential guideline users in assessing guideline quality. We conducted a systematic review of publications describing guideline appraisal tools in order to identify and compare existing tools. Methods Among others we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1995 to May 2011 for relevant primary and secondary publications. We also handsearched the reference lists of relevant publications. On the basis of the available literature we firstly generated 34 items to be used in the comparison of appraisal tools and grouped them into thirteen quality dimensions. We then extracted formal characteristics as well as questions and statements of the appraisal tools and assigned them to the items. Results We identified 40 different appraisal tools. They covered between three and thirteen of the thirteen possible quality dimensions and between three and 29 of the possible 34 items. The main focus of the appraisal tools were the quality dimensions “evaluation of evidence” (mentioned in 35 tools; 88%), “presentation of guideline content” (34 tools; 85%), “transferability” (33 tools; 83%), “independence” (32 tools; 80%), “scope” (30 tools; 75%), and “information retrieval” (29 tools; 73%). The quality dimensions “consideration of different perspectives” and “dissemination, implementation and evaluation of the guideline” were covered by only twenty (50%) and eighteen tools (45%) respectively. Conclusions Most guideline appraisal tools assess whether the literature search and the evaluation, synthesis and presentation of the evidence in guidelines follow the principles of evidence-based medicine. Although conflicts of interest and norms and values of guideline developers, as well as patient involvement, affect the trustworthiness of guidelines, they are currently insufficiently considered. Greater focus should be placed on these issues in the further development of guideline appraisal tools.
Design and evaluation of 16S rRNA sequence based oligonucleotide probes for the detection and quantification of Comamonas testosteroni in mixed microbial communities
Stephan Bathe, Martina Hausner
BMC Microbiology , 2006, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-6-54
Abstract: We have designed an oligonucleotide probe for use in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and two pairs of PCR primers targeting a C. testosteroni subgroup. The FISH probe and one of the PCR primer pairs are suitable for quantification of C. testosteroni in mixed microbial communities using FISH followed by quantitative image analysis or real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. This has been shown by analysis of samples from an enrichment of activated sludge on testosterone resulting in an increase in abundance and finally isolation of C. testosteroni. Additionally, we have successfully used quantitative PCR to follow the C. testosteroni abundance during a laboratory scale wastewater bioaugmentation experiment.The oligonucleotides presented here provide a useful tool to study C. testosteroni population dynamics in mixed microbial communities.Comamonas testosteroni is a ubiquitously occuring β-proteobacterial species which has been isolated from aquatic as well as terrestrial environments. It has been shown to be capable of transformations of steroid compounds [1-4] and also of degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons [5-10]. C. testosteroni is thus of interest for potential biotechnological applications such as chemical transformations in fine chemical manufacturing [11] and bioremediation processes [7,12], as indicated by laboratory results.Due to the widespread environmental distribution and the potential relevance of C. testosteroni in biotransformation processes, it may be of interest to follow the population dynamics of this species over time in a mixed-species environment. Since culture-dependent methods are not sufficiently accurate to detect and quantify one particular species within a mixed bacterial community, methods targeting the 16S rRNA and/or its gene(s) need to be applied to such a problem, as has already been done in previous investigations [13-16]. Probes for species of the genera Comamonas and Delftia (COM1424 [17], and PPT [18]) as well as for s
HrcQ Provides a Docking Site for Early and Late Type III Secretion Substrates from Xanthomonas
Christian Lorenz, Jens Hausner, Daniela Büttner
PLOS ONE , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051063
Abstract: Pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria depends on a type III secretion (T3S) system which translocates bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. The membrane-spanning secretion apparatus is associated with a cytoplasmic ATPase complex and a predicted cytoplasmic (C) ring structure which is proposed to provide a substrate docking platform for secreted proteins. In this study, we show that the putative C ring component HrcQ from the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is essential for bacterial pathogenicity and T3S. Fractionation studies revealed that HrcQ localizes to the cytoplasm and associates with the bacterial membranes under T3S-permissive conditions. HrcQ binds to the cytoplasmic T3S-ATPase HrcN, its predicted regulator HrcL and the cytoplasmic domains of the inner membrane proteins HrcV and HrcU. Furthermore, we observed an interaction between HrcQ and secreted proteins including early and late T3S substrates. HrcQ might therefore act as a general substrate acceptor site of the T3S system and is presumably part of a larger protein complex. Interestingly, the N-terminal export signal of the T3S substrate AvrBs3 is dispensable for the interaction with HrcQ, suggesting that binding of AvrBs3 to HrcQ occurs after its initial targeting to the T3S system.
What Do the IUCN Categories Really Protect? A Case Study of the Alpine Regions in Spain
Lorena Mu？oz,Vera Helene Hausner
Sustainability , 2013, DOI: 10.3390/su5062367
Abstract: Protected area (PA) coverage is used as an indicator of biodiversity protection worldwide. The effectiveness of using PAs as indicators has been questioned due to the diversity of categories encompassed by such designations, especially in PAs established for purposes other than biodiversity protection. Although international standards have been developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the policies on the ground have been developed independently of the IUCN categories, thus making the IUCN categories dubious measures of biodiversity conservation. Management plans are crucial for the effective management of parks and for guidance on how biodiversity maintenance should be prioritized relative to other goals. We therefore analyzed the aims and regulations of the management plans of alpine PAs in Spain as a first step in evaluating conservation performance. We used content analysis and correspondence analysis of instrumental variables (CAiv) to assess how aims and regulations vary in relation to three explanatory factors: IUCN categories, vegetation zones and autonomous communities. We found that the aims of many parks were vague, without clear indications of how to prioritize biodiversity goals. Furthermore, only 50% of the parks studied had any management plan, which strengthens our argument concerning the lack of clear guidance in PA management. Although certain aims were correlated with the IUCN categories, the regulations showed no clear relationship to international policies, which indicates that these aims do not necessarily influence management practices. Devolution to autonomous communities could be one explanation for the large variation in management practices among parks. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of such management policies on biodiversity.
Espacio público
Schlack,Elke;
ARQ (Santiago) , 2007, DOI: 10.4067/S0717-69962007000100006
Abstract: the actual prestige of the private sector, the politically correct but devalued public sector, and the absence of shades in the distinctions between both makes the definition of a code urgent that will ensure the continuity of public spaces in the city. bernardo secchi has said that public space is where "one is in public." do the ordinances reflect this?
Differences of weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions and weighted Bloch type spaces
Wolf,Elke;
Cubo (Temuco) , 2010, DOI: 10.4067/S0719-06462010000200002
Abstract: we consider analytic self-maps ？？1,？ ？2 of the open unit disk as well as analytic mapsψ 1, ψ2. these maps induce differences of weighted composition operators acting between weighted banach spaces of holomorphic functions and weighted bloch type spaces. in this article we give necessary and sufficient conditions for such a difference to be bounded resp. compact.
Integral composition operators between weighted Bergman spaces and weighted Bloch type spaces
Wolf,Elke;
Cubo (Temuco) , 2012, DOI: 10.4067/S0719-06462012000100002
Abstract: we characterize boundedness and compactness of integral composition operators acting between weighted bergman spaces av,p and weighted bloch type spaces bw.
Boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between weighted Bergman spaces
Elke Wolf
Annales UMCS, Mathematica , 2012, DOI: 10.2478/v10062-012-0008-y
Abstract: We study when a weighted composition operator acting between different weighted Bergman spaces is bounded, resp. compact.
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